Is there an Alternative to Passive and Active RFID Systems?

by:JamesYarbrough
BAP RFID: The Best of Both Worlds The ISO/IEC 18000-6:2010 Class 3 standard defines an innovative class of RFID known as Manchester-encoded Battery Assisted Passive (BAP) or oftentimes referred to simply as Class 3. BAP RFID tags have the range and memory capacity of active tags but at a percentage of their cost. Using a "reader-talks-first" method, the batteries on BAP tags are triggered only when scanned with a reader. Once triggered, they leverage the power of the battery to enhance the tag's functions. Class 3 tags present range capabilities of up to 100 meters in free space and offer the ability to read in RF-challenging conditions, for instance within food pallets or pharmaceutical cases, or surrounding metals and liquids that can be found at equipment yards, airports or freight terminals. Once read, the tag goes back to "sleep", increasing the tag's battery life for as long as five years. The battery also enables the option of attaching sensors to check and log temperatures or other conditions, keep accurate time, and convey that data on-demand.

BAP RFID is primarily different from passive and active RFID given that it implements the "reader-talks-first" principle. The tags usually do not actively transfer signals to the reader, instead they reflect back (or backscatter) the reader signal. With the BAP technology, the tag is always prepared to respond to a reader query and the reader can implement the appropriate business logic to decide when and how often tags should be read. Furthermore, the ISO/IEC BAP RFID Standard utilizes advanced tag selection capabilities, enabling readers to only ask for replies from tags matching distinct selection requirements. Utilizing the "reader-talks-first" principle, together with the sophisticated tag selection capabilities, readers can inventory all tags on a programmable routine time frame while also constantly inventory tags according to particular selection criteria (e.g. only read tags that have alarm events). For example, a reader in a infirmary nursery is capable of performing an inventory of all newborn tags every seven seconds. Somewhere between this seven second period, the reader can frequently inventory tags, locating only tags that have an alarm event present. This offers sub-second response time for alarm event recognition. Moreover, whenever a tag is not read within a routine inventory round, the system doesn't have to wait for the tag's future beacon interval to search for the tag (as with Active RFID systems). Instead, the system can take rapid proactive motions to demand the expected reader, and all other applicable readers, to "search" for the lost tag.

The reader-talks-first principle also simplifies portal uses cases (exits, elevators, etc.) where the reader can inventory all tags in the designated read zone. Tags in the particular read zone will reply to the reader, and the system can make the appropriate actions. With the reader always triggering communication with the tags, BAP Class 3 technology simplifies the system architecture and eliminates the demand for extra exciter devices, saving resources and simplifying deployments.

One other vital advantage of the Standards-based BAP RFID technology is the frequency range over which the tag and reader communicate. Single channel systems are subject to disturbance by jamming, whether accidental or intentional.Sophisticated tags with multiple security sensors become worthless if the reader-to-tag communication can be simply jammed. Class 3 readers and tags employ a frequency hopping communication protocol, which cuts down interference and the risk of jamming the RF signal. This frequency hopping ability, combined with the capability to frequently search for specific tags, enables the system to find the optimum frequency to correspond with the tag even in challenging RF environments. Additionally, if an interference or jamming event does happen, our readers can recognize the event, determine the impacted reader(s) and convey to the system to take instant and acceptable actions.

BAP technology (Class 3) presents an exceptional solution for applications demanding more functionality than passive systems (Classes 1 and 2), and a lower cost than active systems (Class 4).

Article source: Author Palace
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About the Author: Click on the following to learn more about how BAP RFID compares to passive and active RFID tags.

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Is there an Alternative to Passive and Active RFID Systems?
Category: Technology
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JamesYarbrough "Is there an Alternative to Passive and Active RFID Systems?" authorpalace.com.http://www.authorpalace.com/technology/is-there-an-alternative-to-passive-and-active-rfid-systems.html
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Is there an Alternative to Passive and Active RFID Systems?
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What are the Limitations of Passive and Active RFID systems?

by:JamesYarbrough
Conventional RFID systems are labeled as passive systems and active systems, both of which incorporate readers and tags. Passive tags have reduced capabilities given that they count on the power supplied through the air by the RF reader, confining the tag's range to merely five (5) to ten (10) meters in free space and present confined tag functionality. Noise in the environment or mounting the tags on RF unfriendly materials (metals or items rich in water content) can decrease this range to below one (1) meter.

Accommodating this restrained range usually forces firms to redesign their operational processes, which can be both financially demanding and time consuming. Tagged goods (such as a container or automobile) must come within very close proximity to a reader, requiring the firm to add numerous choke points or portals (spots where the items move through an vicinity within one meter of an RFID antenna) to their product flow to make sure that the tags are read reliably. For most asset tracking or product monitoring applications, this restriction is purely prohibitive. Even if the passive tag's range isn't a concern, the minimal functionality often doesn't justify the expense. The minimal amount of power readily available to the tag confines memory and functionality, decreasing the data that can be saved and read out of the tags.

Active RFID tags include on-board batteries to resolve the range dilemma and can get rid of the "choke points" affiliated with passive RFID. Nevertheless, active tags are usually built on proprietary technology, which reduces interoperability and locks the consumer into a sole vendor solution. The biggest barrier, however, is the cost: active RFID tags come at a cost close to ten times that of passive RFID tags, rendering large scale deployments too expensive to rationalize.

Active RFID utilizes transmitters (or tags) that actively broadcasts beacon signals that are obtained and decoded by readers. While these systems have proven considerably effective for a number of applications, they are constrained in many respects. Traditional Active RFID technology functions on a "tag-talks-first" principle where the tag actively transmits a beacon signal at a predetermined interval and an active reader receives and decodes this signal. Active RFID also introduces a process of "exciter" devices that wake up the active tags in or around exits or other portals to start the tag transmission. On the other hand, this strategy can produce problems in conditions where beaconing or transmitting is not acceptable or appropriate. For instance, the FAA does not enable active transmitting of a device in an aircraft's cargo hold. Active RFID is also unfavorable for plenty of high security applications where the active beaconing detects a tag's position.

As a result, faced with the choice of a solution with restricted capabilities or the other that is cost-prohibitive, most businesses either did nothing or confined deployments, leaving the business challenge largely unsure. Fortunately, there is now an alternate solution that handles this concern.

Article source: Author Palace
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About the Author: Click on the following to learn an alternative solution to passive RFID systems and active RFID systems.

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What are the Limitations of Passive and Active RFID systems?
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What are the Limitations of Passive and Active RFID systems?
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