Conventional RFID systems are labeled as passive systems and active systems, both of which incorporate readers and tags. Passive tags have reduced capabilities given that they count on the power supplied through the air by the RF reader, confining the tag's range to merely five (5) to ten (10) meters in free space and present confined tag functionality. Noise in the environment or mounting the tags on RF unfriendly materials (metals or items rich in water content) can decrease this range to below one (1) meter.
Accommodating this restrained range usually forces firms to redesign their operational processes, which can be both financially demanding and time consuming. Tagged goods (such as a container or automobile) must come within very close proximity to a reader, requiring the firm to add numerous choke points or portals (spots where the items move through an vicinity within one meter of an RFID antenna) to their product flow to make sure that the tags are read reliably. For most asset tracking or product monitoring applications, this restriction is purely prohibitive. Even if the passive tag's range isn't a concern, the minimal functionality often doesn't justify the expense. The minimal amount of power readily available to the tag confines memory and functionality, decreasing the data that can be saved and read out of the tags.
Active RFID tags include on-board batteries to resolve the range dilemma and can get rid of the "choke points" affiliated with passive RFID. Nevertheless, active tags are usually built on proprietary technology, which reduces interoperability and locks the consumer into a sole vendor solution. The biggest barrier, however, is the cost: active RFID tags come at a cost close to ten times that of passive RFID tags, rendering large scale deployments too expensive to rationalize.
Active RFID utilizes transmitters (or tags) that actively broadcasts beacon signals that are obtained and decoded by readers. While these systems have proven considerably effective for a number of applications, they are constrained in many respects. Traditional Active RFID technology functions on a "tag-talks-first" principle where the tag actively transmits a beacon signal at a predetermined interval and an active reader receives and decodes this signal. Active RFID also introduces a process of "exciter" devices that wake up the active tags in or around exits or other portals to start the tag transmission. On the other hand, this strategy can produce problems in conditions where beaconing or transmitting is not acceptable or appropriate. For instance, the FAA does not enable active transmitting of a device in an aircraft's cargo hold. Active RFID is also unfavorable for plenty of high security applications where the active beaconing detects a tag's position.
As a result, faced with the choice of a solution with restricted capabilities or the other that is cost-prohibitive, most businesses either did nothing or confined deployments, leaving the business challenge largely unsure. Fortunately, there is now an alternate solution that handles this concern.
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What are the Limitations of Passive and Active RFID systems?
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